Student Post - The Sens-sss-ational History of The Titanoboa
Friday, May 23, 2025
by Allison A.
Periodically, we accept submissions from writers. We received a submission from a student writer, requesting the publication of her blog for an assignment.
What is the Titanoboa? Well, the Titanoboa was a species of extinct snake not very well known by many people unless they happen to be snake enthusiasts. Their history and how they lived are quite intriguing to paleontologists, herpetologists (people who study snakes), and the snake-loving public! As Harry W. Greene, herpetologist and professor emeritus in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Cornell University once put it in an article by the Florida Museum of Natural History, “The giant Colombian snake is a truly exciting discovery.”
Though there may be people who might not know much about the species, those who want to know more likely have many questions. So let's break down what Titanoboa was, how it lived, and details about its extinction.
Titanoboa: Where It All Began
The Titanoboa is estimated to have lived and roamed on earth 58 to 60 million years ago during the Paleocene Epoch, which was a period of massive change followed by the extinction of numerous species. The Titanoboa was a species of boa constrictor-like snakes. During its existence, it was seen as the largest vertebrate for 10 million years, thriving in hot swampy tropical environments.
Titanoboa’s Massive Size
The species is estimated to have grown up to lengths that were around 42 to 47 feet and was believed to weigh up to 2,500 pounds, with a width of 3 feet. Described by Jason Head, a paleontologist and assistant professor at the University of Toronto in Mississauga, in the FMNH article, the “snake’s body was so wide that if it were moving down the hall and decided to come into my office to eat me, it would literally have to squeeze through the door.”
Food Sources and Environment
The Titanoboa was a massive species of snake that dwelled inside a large river system, which is now known to be the world's oldest neotropical rainforest in Colombia. The species had a more semi-aquatic lifestyle as well as a powerful skeletal structure compared to numerous other extinct species, hinting at the possibility that it was an apex predator. Titanoboas are believed to have fed upon numerous species that lived in their environment, including an ancient species of crocodile named Cerrejonisuchus improcerus that was between six and seven feet long.
Due to their small size compared to the Titanoboa, many species could be seen as an easy meal. Other species that the Titanoboa likely preyed upon were large reptiles like turtles and post-dinosaur era lizards. The Titanoboa could have also preyed upon mammals. This is believed by many due to the leftover remains which are often found next to the skeletal structures of Titanoboas.
The Extinction of The Titanoboa
The exact cause of the extinction of the Titanoboa isn't exactly known or pinned to one specific cause, though there are several theories on how the Titanoboa could have gone extinct.
Possible Causes of Titanoboa’s Extinction
Many of these theories are often linked to climate change and changes in the species’s environment. It's been researched that the Titanoboa lived in a warmer, tropical habitat, leading many people to believe that the cause of its extinction was due to temperature cooling, which caused the environment to be less welcoming and fitting for the Titanoboa.
Climate Change
The sudden change in temperatures in the Titanoboa's environment could've made it difficult for the Titanoboa to adapt and thrive due to them naturally living in warmer, tropical environments. This likely contributed to the extinction of the Titanoboa.
As mentioned by Jonathan Bloch, an assistant curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, “Snakes and other cold-blooded animals are limited in body size by the ambient temperature of where they live,” “If you look at cold-blooded animals and their distribution on the planet today, the large ones are in the tropics, where it’s hottest, and they become smaller the farther away they are from the equator.”
Competition
The change in the Titanoboa’s environment most likely brought along new competition, leading to the species being possibly preyed upon or unable to compete for food. In the proposed new environment, Dr. Alex Hastings and Dr. Catherine Early claim warm-blooded animals most likely became the apex predators of Titanoboa’s environment.
Habitat Shifts
Changes and transitions in the Titanoboa’s environment likely could have disrupted food and water sources. Geological changes could have made Titanoboa’s original environment less welcoming and unsuitable for the species to thrive. For example, shifting tilts in Earth’s axis could have extended or shortened daylight hours, or tectonic shifts could have moved the natural pathways of vital water habitats.
What If It Didn't Go Extinct?
If the Titanoboa were to still be alive today, there would be major side effects, especially within the food chain. Several things would happen, some being:
Disruption In The Food Chain
If the Titanoboa were to still be alive the food chain would be unbalanced due to the massive overconsumption of other living organisms necessary to keep the balance of the food chain. This would lead to the overpopulation of small species and the rapidly decreasing population of large predators like alligators and turtles necessary for population control.
Habitat Shifting
The presence of the Titanoboa in the present would cause the environment to alter itself, causing the creation of more swamps and rivers.
Human Threat
The existence of the Titanoboa in the present time likely would lead to it being a threat to humans due to its massive size, reaching up to 50 feet long. Humans would likely be one of their food sources. The largest snake on Earth today is the green anaconda, and it is only 20 feet long and 550 pounds. Titanoboa was over 2500 pounds.
Sources:
- Glaser, Linda B., and A&S Communications. “Snakes Act as “Ecosystem Engineers” in Seed Dispersal | Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.” Cornell.edu, The College of Arts and Sciences, 7 Feb. 2018, ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu/news/snakes-act-ecosystem-engineers-seed-dispersal.
- “Harry W. Greene .” Cornell, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 2024, ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu/harry-w-greene.
- “Jason J. Head.” Department of Biology University of Toronto – Mississauga, University of Toronto, 2025, individual.utoronto.ca/jasonjhead/Jason_J._Head/Home.html.
- Kanapaux, Bill. “Ancient Crocodile Relative Likely Food Source for Titanoboa.” Research News, University of Florida, 2 Feb. 2010, www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/ancient-crocodile-relative-likely-food-source-for-titanoboa/.
- Keen, Cathy. “At 45 Feet Long, “Titanoboa” Snake Ruled the Amazon.” Florida Museum, University of Florida, 1 Apr. 2009, www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/at-45-feet-long-titanoboa-snake-ruled-the-amazon/.
- Paselk, Richard. “Paleogene Period | Natural History Museum.” Natmus.humboldt.edu, Cal Poly Humboldt NHM, 30 Oct. 2012, natmus.humboldt.edu/exhibits/life-through-time/visual-timeline/paleogene-period.
- Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. “Green Anaconda.” Smithsonian’s National Zoo, Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, 6 July 2018, nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/green-anaconda.“Titanoboa: Monster Snake.” Smithsonian, Smithsonian Institution, 2023, www.sites.si.edu/s/archived-exhibit?topicId=0TO36000000L5NmGAK.
- “Why Did Titanoboa & Passenger Pigeon Go Extinct? | Science Museum of Minnesota.” Science Museum of Minnesota, Science Museum of Minnesota, 11 Sept. 2020, new.smm.org/learn/titanoboa-passenger-pigeon.